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Spikelets grown within the same panicle of rice ( Oryza Sativa L.) can be classified as superior spikelets and inferior spikelets, in which the former are located on apical primary branches, while the latter are located on proximal secondary branches ( Mohapatra et al., 1993 Ishimaru et al., 2003). Thus, it was suggested that the rice plant with characteristic features of an upright growth habit and loose panicles might be more susceptible to heat stress resulting from their higher canopy and spikelets temperatures. Under heat stress, the fertility and kernel weight of superior and inferior spikelets decreased as the panicle numbers per plant were reduced, which was accompanied by significantly increasing the canopy temperatures.

We inferred the differences in canopy temperature, light intensity and panicle types, were the primary reasons for the temperature difference between superior and inferior spikelets. This decrease was primarily ascribed to their different organ temperatures, in which the temperature of the superior spikelets was significantly higher than that of inferior spikelets. The results indicated that a greater decrease in fertility and kernel weight was observed in superior spikelets compared to inferior spikelets. In order to reveal the mechanism underlying, two rice plants with different heat tolerance were subjected to heat stress of 40☌ at anthesis. However, different responses to heat stress are seemed to show between the superior and inferior spikelet, and this response is scarcely documented that the intrinsic factors remain elusive.

In general, the fertility and kernel weight of inferior spikelets of rice ( Oryza Sativa L.) are obviously lower than those of superior spikelets, especially under abiotic stress. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China.Guanfu Fu † Baohua Feng † Caixia Zhang Yongjie Yang Xueqin Yang Tingting Chen Xia Zhao Xiufu Zhang Qianyu Jin * Longxing Tao *

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